Education inequality appears when students who live in the same country do not have comparable chances to enter school, remain enrolled, complete each level, and learn. The gaps are not explained by one characteristic alone. Household wealth changes what families can afford; location affects the distance, staffing, and…
Education quality is compared by country through learning outcomes, completion, assessment coverage and multi-study evidence rather than one universal index.
Education systems are compared over time using PISA, TIMSS and PIRLS results across subjects and cycles rather than relying on a single current ranking.
Dropout risk is compared by country through out-of-school and completion indicators, with attention to reporting differences, income gaps and education levels.
Graduation rates are compared through internationally comparable completion measures, education levels, age bands, country coverage and adult attainment data.
